Nationalism

11.18.2011 === __**Nationalism**__- Europe after the Congress of Vienna saw waves of nationalism sweeping across the continent. Nationalist movements brought the Italian speakers together to form a modern day Italy in the mid 19th century,while other empires struggled to barely maintain control over the many different peoples living within their borders. ===
 * || [[image:http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/images/hwh/hwh_nat/w8nafs_natmap002aa.jpg width="489" height="533" align="center" caption="Map: Europe, 1815"]] ||

Definition of Nationalism:
Stanford University defines **__Nationalism__** as......the attitude that the members of a nation have when they care about their national identity, common origin, ethnicity, cultural ties,the actions that the members of a nation take when seeking to achieve or sustain self-determination which means having full authority of the nation in domestic and foreign affairs.

Elements of Nationalism:
Giuseppe Mazzini wrote that Italians were fighting for "the eternal right which God has implanted in the peoples, that of appreciating and defining themselves their own life, and governing themselves in accordance with their own appreciation of it." **Was the artist a supporter of the Red Shirts' cause? How can you tell?** - The artist of this painting is a supporter of the Red Shirts' cause because it demonstrates the winning battle of Garibaldi which initiates national values. There's a Red Shit man standing at the top telling the others what to do for the success.
 * __Culture__- common bond because of the shared beliefs.
 * __History__- had similar past with other people which would make them connect.
 * __Language__- common language brings people together.
 * __Religion__- same/similar religion brings people together.
 * __Territory__- United community when sharing land.

=== What do Sardinia, Austria, & France have to do with Italian reunification ? === - Sardinia was the first Italian state to gain independence from Austria's rule. Also, Austria is associated in Italy's state governments but Austria don't want Italy to be in control anymore. France then helped Italy away from Austria's rule. The King of Sardinia controlled/ politically united the kingdom of Italy (King Victor Emanuel II).

Terms!

 * Giuseppe** **Mazzini****:** (1805–1872) Italian patriot; he formed the nationalist group called Young Italy to fight for the unification of the separate Italian states into one nation.


 * Camillo di Cavour:** (1810–1861) Italian statesman and premier of the kingdom of Sardinia; architect of the Italian unification movement in the late 1800s.


 * Giuseppe Garibaldi:** (1807–1882) Italian military and nationalist leader; he unified the southern states of Italy and joined them to the North to form the united Kingdom of Italy.


 * Victor Emmanuel:** (1820–1878) King of Sardinia-Piedmont from 1849 to 1861 and king of Italy from 1861 to 1878; he was the first king of a united Italy.


 * Red Shirts:** army of volunteer troops led by Giuseppe Garibaldi; in 1860 they attacked the island of Sicily and won it for the Italians


 * Il Risorgimento: a** nationalist newspaper founded by Cavour. It translates to "rebirth." Italian unification and freedom from Austrian control shared its name.
 * Create a 2 column note to take notes on the "Path Toward Unity" Ch.10.1


 * Analyze the Unification Map of Italy & Explain Italian reunification in your own words.

**Causes & Effects of Italian Reunification 11.20.2011**
 * Causes || Effects ||
 * * Cavour becomes the Prime Minister of Sardinia.
 * Garbaldi is exiled to South America where he learns tactics for Guerrilla Warfare.
 * Garibaldi returns to Italy and leads the Sardinian army against Austria. || * Supports France in war with Russia= France becomes a powerful ally to Sardinia & supports rebbellion against Austria.
 * Brings tactics back to Italy with him to aid in their fight against Austria.
 * Lombardy is taken by Italy. ||
 * Investigate - what happened to Garibaldi after the reunification?- cite your source(s) in your summarizing paragraph.

GERMAN NATIONALISM > Napoleon I nurtured German Nationalism? Explain how that could be! > How did the 1848 Revolution affect Prussia? > What was the importance of the Zollverein & could you compare it to a modern organization/association?
 * 1) === What factors influence Prussia's rise to power over the other the "Lesser German" States rather than Austria? ===

= =

Otto Von Bismarck

 French view of Bismarck

"Prussia must build up and preserve her strength for the favorable moment which has already come and gone many times. Her borders under the treaties of Vienna are not favorable to the healthy existence of the state. The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by blood and iron." —**Otto von Bismarck**, quoted in the Origins of the Wars of German Unification, by William Carr. 
 * [[image:http://my.hrw.com/ss2/ss06_07_08/student/images/hwh/hwh_nat/w8nafs_natmap010aa.jpg width="649" height="324" caption="Map: The Unification of Germany, 1865-1871"]] ||
 * Map: The Unification of Germany (1865-1871) ||
 * Bismarck's Problems || Bismarck's Solutions ||


 * || [[image:http://www.wikispaces.com/i/mime/32/application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document.png width="32" height="32" link="http://mrshealyhistoryclass.wikispaces.com/file/view/Bismarck-Socialism.docx"]] [|Bismarck-Socialism.docx] ||
 * [[image:http://www.myartprints.co.uk/kunst/_germanphotographer/otto_von_bismarck_1815_1898_ge.jpg width="244" height="464" align="center" caption="Kaiser Wilhelm II and Bismarck circa 1888"]] ||
 * Kaiser Wilhelm II and Bismarck circa 1888 ||
 * Kaiser Wilhelm II and Bismarck circa 1888 ||



RUSSIAN NATIONALISM http://yvillanuevawh.edu.glogster.com/nationalism/